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(b) (i) Define the following terms with an example :
(I) Unsaturated hydrocarbons
(II) Substitution reaction
(III) Saponification
(ii) Why is ethanoic acid ($\ce{CH3COOH}$) called glacial acetic acid ? Write one use of ethanoic acid ($\ce{CH3COOH}$).
(I) Unsaturated hydrocarbons
(II) Substitution reaction
(III) Saponification
(ii) Why is ethanoic acid ($\ce{CH3COOH}$) called glacial acetic acid ? Write one use of ethanoic acid ($\ce{CH3COOH}$).
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(b) (i) (I) Hydrocarbons having double bond ( $\ce{C=C}$) or triple bond ( $\ce{C \equiv C}$) are called unsaturated hydrocarbons ($\frac{1}{2}$ Mark)
Example alkene / alkyne. ($\frac{1}{2}$ Mark)
(any other example)
(II) A reaction in which one type of atom or a group of atoms take the place of another. ($\frac{1}{2}$ Mark)
Example $\ce{CH4 + Cl2 ->[sunlight] CH3Cl + HCl}$ ($\frac{1}{2}$ Mark)
(any other example)
(III) The reaction of an ester with an alkali to give alcohol and sodium salt of carboxylic acid is called saponification. ($\frac{1}{2}$ Mark)
$\ce{CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH -> CH3COONa + C2H5OH}$ ($\frac{1}{2}$ Mark)
(ii) (5 Marks)
Example alkene / alkyne. ($\frac{1}{2}$ Mark)
(any other example)
(II) A reaction in which one type of atom or a group of atoms take the place of another. ($\frac{1}{2}$ Mark)
Example $\ce{CH4 + Cl2 ->[sunlight] CH3Cl + HCl}$ ($\frac{1}{2}$ Mark)
(any other example)
(III) The reaction of an ester with an alkali to give alcohol and sodium salt of carboxylic acid is called saponification. ($\frac{1}{2}$ Mark)
$\ce{CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH -> CH3COONa + C2H5OH}$ ($\frac{1}{2}$ Mark)
(ii) (5 Marks)